Jumat, 27 November 2009

NITROGEN

NITROGEN
A. KARAKTERISTIK
• Nitrogen, Lambang : N ; Z = 7 ; Ar = 14,0067 ; Ar dibulatkan = 14 (Harry firman dan Liliasari, 1996 : 148)
• Nitrogen, N. At . Wt 14,0067. Stable isotopes (fract abund) 14N (0,99634), 15N (0.00366). common minerals : atmosphere, NaNO3(rare). (H.J.M Bowen, 1994:255)
• Nitrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. (Stuart J. Baum dan Charles W.J scaife, 1980 :125)
• Nitrogen, N. This colorless, odorless gas is found as the free element in air. (T.R Dickson, 1982 :53)
• Nitrogen, N ; NA = 7 ; BA = 14,008 ; d = 0,81 ; tb = -210 0C ; td = -195,8 0C . Nitrogen berupa gas tidak berwarna,tak berbau,tak berasa, sulit larut dalam air. (M. Natsir Arsyad , 2001:232)
• Nitrogen, N has eight possible oxidation numbers. (Mary Maier, 1978:213)

B. JUMLAH (%) DI ATMOSFER
• The air within this two-mile limit is essentially a mixture of nitrogen gas (N2, about 72 per cent) and oxygen gas (O2,almost 21 per cent). (Philip A. Horrigan, 1994: 168)
• The air we breathe contains about 78.0 % nitrogen (Mary Maier, 1978:144)
• Air is about 78% nitrogen by volume . (Stuart J. Baum dan Charles W.J scaife, 1980 : 125)
• Relatif hanya sedikit organsme yang mampu melakukan fiksasi gas nitrogen yang menyusun sampai 80 % atmosfer kita. (Albert L.Lehninger, 1994: 7)

C. LETAK DALAM SPU
• In group V there is a complete change oproperties from nonmetallic to metallic in going down the group. The lighter members o the group, nitrogen and phosphorus, (Michell J. Sienko & Robert A. Plane, 1961: 492)
• Nitrogen berupa gas tidak berwarna,tak berbau,tak berasa, sulit larut dalam air serta merupakan Unsur golongan Vdalam susunan berkala. (M. Natsir Arsyad, 2001: 232)

D. WUJUD/ BENTUKNYA DI ALAM
• Nitrogen species. Biological processes in soil lead to release of all the common nitrogen oxides, NO, NO2 and N2O. (M.Satake dan Y.Mido, 1994:18)
• For the nitrogen o the air is free element. (John Arrend Timm:437 )
• Nitrogen is about one-third as abundant as carbon and occurs principally free as diatomic N2. (Michell J. Sienco dan Robert A.Plane, 1961 : 494)
• Nitrogen juga adalah unsur bukan logam yang sangat elektronegatif dan dijumpai sebagai molekul diatom N2. (M.Natsir Arsyad, 2001: 232)


E. JENIS IKATAN
• Molekul nitrogen mempunyai ikatan kovalen ganda tiga. (Antony.C wibraham dan Michael S.Matta, 1992 :9)
• Nitrogen gas consist of nonpolar, diatomic, covalent molecules having triple bonds. Its a nonpolar bond because both atoms are identical and have the same attraction or the three electron pairs. Multiple bonds are formed commonly by carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms. (Stuart J.Baum dan Charles W.J Scaife, 1980 :60)
• The N2 molecule contains a triple bond. (Michell J. Sienko & Robert A. Plane, 1961:495)

F. SIKLUS NITROGEN
• Nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is a very inert element and in its elemental state can not be used directly by the living organism. (Johnson.Laubengaye and De Lanney Holt, 1965 :343-344)
• Siklus nitrogen di dalam bioser kita yang merupakan sarana berlangsungnya siklus dan berdaurnya sejumlah besar nitrogen.(Albert L.Lehninger, 1994:7)
• The nitrogen cycle which traces the path of nitrogen atom in nature. (Michell J. Sienko & Robert A. Plane, 1961: 502-503)

G. PENGIKATAN(FIKSASI) NITROGEN
• Relatif hanya sedikit organisme yang mampu melakukan fiksasi gas nitrogen. (Albert L. Lehninger, 1994 :7)
• Ammonia is the product of nitrogen fixation, which is incorporated into organic substance. (Joseph S. Fruton dan Sofia Simmonds, 1960: 674)
• Symbiotic nitrogen fixation Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum are only two of the many nitrogen fixing organism found in nature. (Joseph S. Fruton dan Sofia Simmonds, 1960 : 675)
• During the development of inexpensive nitrogen fixation processes. (George T. Austin, 1987: 303)

H. KESEIMBANGAN NITROGEN
• Keseimbangan nitrogen adalah keadaan dimana masuknya nitrogen protein dengan tepat menyeimbangkan semua asam amino esensial dalam protein yang tepat dan semuanya dilepaskan dalam bentuk bebas dan diserap. (Albert L. Lehninger, 1994 : 95)
• Under normal conditions, an individual intake of dietary nitrogen is equal to the amount of nitrogen in the excrement. Such a condition is refered to as nitrogen balance or nitrogen equilibrium. (Stuart J. Baum and Charles W.J Scaife, 1980 : 756)
• When animal is maintained under condition such that the total nitrogen content of urine and feces equals the amount of dietary nitrogen, the animal is said to be in “nitrogen balance” or “nitrogen equilibrium”. (Joseph S. Fruton dan Sofia Simmonds, 1960:723)

I. MANFAAT
• Nitrogen, N. Functions : Biochemical and metabulic . (H.J.M Bowen, 1979 : 256)
• Molekul dalam tubuh terutama terdiri dari unsur karbon, hidrogen, Oksigen, nitrogen, sulfur dan fosfor yang disatukan dengan ikatan kovalen. (Dawn B. Marks, Allan B. Marks dan Collen M.Smith, 2000 :41)
• Nitrogen the lassaigne sodium test. This test is general for organic nitrogen compounds. (Frederick George Mann dan Bernard, 1938 : 238)
• Nitrogen merupakan suatu keharusan bagi biosintesis asam amino dan basa purin serta pirimidin. (Albert L.Lehninger , 1994: 7)
• The primary industrial use of nitrogen is in the production of ammonia. (Stuart J.Baum dan Charles W.J scaife, 1980 :125)

J. DIBUAT DENGAN CARA
• Elementary nitrogen is usually obtained by fractional distilation of liquid air. Very pure N2 can made by thermal decomposition of some nitrogen compound. (Michell J. Sienco dan Robert A.Plane, 1961 :494)
• Nitrogen dalam indutri biasanya dibuat lewat reduksi amoniak. (M.Natsir Irsyad, 2000: 232)




















DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Austin, George. 1987. Chemical Process Industries fifth edition. Singapore : Kin Keong Printing.
2. Baum, Stuart J dan Charles W.J. Scaife . 1980. Chemistry A life Approach second edition. New York : Macmillan Publishing Co, Inc.
3. Bowen, H.J.M. 1979. Enviromental Chemistry of The Element. London : Academic Press, Inc.
4. Marks, Dawn B, Allan B. Marks dan Collen M. Smith. 2000. Biokimia Kedokteran Dasar. Jakarta : EGC.
5. Dickson, T.R. 1982. Introduction to Chemistry 4th edition. California: Aptos.
6. Firman, Harry dan Liliasari. 1996. Kimia I untuk Sekolah Menengah Umum Kelas I. Jakarta : Balai Pustaka.
7. Fruton, Joseph .S dan Sonia Simmonds. 1960. General Biochemistry Second Editions. United Statanes of America : Mc.Graw-Hill Book Company.
8. Horrigan, Philip. A. 1994. The Challenge of Chemistry. United States of America : Mc.Graw- Hill Book Company.
9. Laubengaye, Johnson. Dan De Lanney Holt. 1965. General Biology. USA : Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
10. Lehninger, Albert. L. 1994. Dasar- Dasar Biokimia Jilid 2. Jakarta : Erlangga.
11. Lehninger, Albert. L. 1994. Dasar- Dasar Biokimia 3. Jakarta : Erlangga.
12. Maier, Mary. 1978. Introduction to Chemical Science. Boston : Willard Grant Press.
13. Mann George, Frederick dan Charles Bernard Saunders. 1938. Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman : Longman Green and Co, LTD.
14. Satake M dan Y Mido. 1994. Enviromental Chemistry. New Delhi : Discovery Publishing House.
15. Sienco, Michell. J dan Robert A. Plane. 1961. Chemistry Second Edition. United States of America : Mc.Graw-Hill Book Company.
16. Wilbraham, Antony. C dan Michael S. Matta. 1992. Pengantar Kimia Organik dan Hayati. Bandung : ITB.

Tidak ada komentar:

Posting Komentar